I. INTRODUCTION

1. Fundamentals of the orbital conception of elementary particles and nuclides
2. Duality, intrinsic celerity, intrinsic confinement and spin
3. Massive and massless energy
4. Orbital nature of elementary particles
5. Structuring orbital of the proton and the electron
6. Dual orbital of the neutron: positive heavy core and negative light envelop
7. The orbital conception of the atomic nucleus
8. Saturation and short range of nuclear forces
9. About quarks and partons

II. FUNDAMENTALS

1. The elementary corpuscle
2. Elementary particles

III. ARCHETYPICAL ORBITAL SYSTEMS

1. The proton and the electron
2. The neutron
3. The hydrogen atom
4. The atomic nucleus
5. The hydrogen 1H2 and the helium 2He3
6. The hydrogen 1H3 and the helium 2He4
7. The photon and the neutrinos

IV. NUCLEAR FUSION and RADIOACTIVITY

1. Short range interactions: Strong and Weak
2. Nuclear fusion from H, D and T
3. Radioactivity beta- , beta+, gamma and electron capture

V. NATURE AND SATURATION OF NUCLEAR FORCES

1. Saturation of nuclear forces within isotone families
2. Saturation of nuclear forces within isobar families
3. Saturation of nuclear forces within isotope families
4. Saturation of nuclear forces within heavy nuclides

VI. COMMENTS

1. About the pair (c+,c-) and the isolated (c+) and (c-) systems
2. About the particle Delta++
3. About the composition of nuclear structure
4. About the conceptual unity of matter
5. About orbitals with null net energy

VII. CONCLUSION

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* HERE ARE PRESENTED A FEW OUTSTANDING FEATURES OF THIS UNITARY 
CONCEPTION OF MATTER:

- Charged elementary particles are generated and structured by the 
orbital of a fundamental corpuscle, with a dual nature as corpuscle (c+) 
and anticorpuscle (c-).

- Neutral elementary particles are structured by the dual orbital of a 
pair corpuscle-anticorpuscle (c+,c-).

- All properties of elementary particles, such as spin, magnetic moment, 
rest mass, stability, etc. are considered to derive from their 
structuring orbital.

* A MOST DIRECT PREDICTION FROM THE ORBITAL CONCEPTION OF ELEMENTARY 
PARTICLES IS CONCERNED WITH THE NEUTRON STRUCTURE, CONSIDERED TO BE DUAL 
AND ASYMMETRIC, FORMED BY A HEAVY CORE AND A LIGHT NEGATIVE ENVELOP:

- The neutron is considered to be the master piece of nuclear structure 
by delivering its envelop, the proton playing a secondary role in 
satisfying the envelop trend to incorporate extra protons.

- The neutron envelop is considered to be very reactive and to constitute 
the carrier of nuclear forces.

- The neutron core is considered to be nothing else but a proton

- The neutron disintigration proceeds from the sole disintegration of its 
envelop, which is unstable in the neutron free state, corresponding to 
the so-called weak interaction.

- The neutron disintegration products, a proton, an electron and an 
antineutrino, constitute in fact a clear fingerprint of its structure: 
the core is preserved as proton while the negative envelop, when getting 
free, restructures itself into an electron. The envelop energy excess is 
released into an antineutrino, in the same way that an exoenergetic 
transition of an atomic orbital emits a photon.

- However the neutron envelop acquires stability through the 
incorporation of a second proton into its core, leading to the deuteron.

* THE MOST STRAIGHTFORWARD APPLICATION OF THE ORBITAL CONCEPTION OF 
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES DEALS WITH NUCLEAR STRUCTURE BY MEANS OF THE NEUTRON 
ENVELOP:

- The neutron envelop is considerd to be reactive and to present a high 
affinity towards protons by getting shared.

- Atomic nuclei are considered to stand on the neutron envelop which 
dissolves within the nucleus and acts as bonding element, through to so 
called strong interaction. The nuclear neutron is hence considered to 
have lost its identity, being dissociated into a proton and an envelop. 
Each neutron envelop transformes into a collective cohesive envelop 
wrapping the whole nucleus.

- Saturation of nuclear forces splits into two components, the saturation 
of the core and that of the envelop. Nucleus desintegration may occur by 
unstability of the core or the envelop, depending one ach nuclide.

- Short range interactions, weak and strong derive directly from the 
particles structuring orbital. For example, the neutron weak interaction 
is related to the unstability of its envelop in free state, and the 
strong interaction is related to its envelop reactivity with protons.

- Long range interaction, which derive from the interchange of massless 
particles in a virtual state, in the orbital frame correspond to (c+,c-) 
virtual pairs with intrinsic celerity and different spins for 
electromagnetic or gravitational interactions.

* IN ORDER TO CHECK EXPERIMENTALLY THE ORBITAL CONCEPTION OF ELEMENTARY 
PARTICLES AND TO CONTRAST IT WITH THE QUARK ONE, LET US POINT OUT 
SOME OF ITS MOST SPECIFIC IMPLICATIONS:

- The proton should manifest, from high energy collision experiments, 
structured by a single punctual corpuscle with integer electric charge, 
in contrast with three punctual quarks with fractionary charges.

- The neutron should instead show a heavy positively charged core 
(proton) and a light negatively charged envelop.

- The deuteron should exhibit a single envelop negatively charged and two 
positively charged cores (two protons).

- Still, experiments with the antiproton and the neutron should evidence 
the non viability of their association, since a nucleus composed of 
these particles would then have a core made of a proton and an 
antiproton, and thus would annihilate.

* BRIEF COMPARISON OF CONCEPTUAL STRATEGIES BETWEEN THE QUARKS AND 
ORBITAL STANDINGS:

Quark conception:
- It appeals to a multiplicity of fundamental bodies, reaching a total of 
44 (36 quarks and 8 gluons)
- It appeals to 2 different types of elemental bodies: quarks and gluons
- It appeals to 3 artifial magnitudes: the colors
- It fails to be unutary, applying only to hadrons
- A multiplicity of elemental particles from higher energy collision 
would lead to a prohibitive increase of quarks

Orbital conception:
- The fundamental bodies are reduced to 2 (one corpuscle and one 
anticorpuscle, with an identical elemental mass and integer opposite 
electric charges)
- It only appeals to well known forces from the electric and magnetic 
fields
- The diversity of elementary particles only implies a diversity of 
quantized orbitals
- Quarks, gluons and colors are substituted by orbital quantum numbers
- An eventual prolifiration of elementary particles would only imply an 
increased variety (quantification) of orbital (a much less risky standing 
than a proliferation of fundamental bodies)
- It is unitary, applying to all elementary particles and to their four 
interactions